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Wednesday 7 November 2012

Steven still not well

Since Steven has come out of hospital he has not been well

He is diagnosed with non iron defiency Aneamia.

Symtoms include

Lethargy
Tiredness
Lack of concentration
Cannot formulate sentances properly
Restless at Night
Falling asleep at odd places and at odd times and then cannot be woken up.

Today he saw Dr Summers who has scheduled several blood tests for tomorrow, Steven is to go back for the results on Tuesday.

The Dr said the the symptoms seem to indicate the Spleen producing too many blood cells which may affect his heart valve.

What is the spleen?
The spleen is an organ about the size of a clenched fist found on the left-hand side of your upper abdomen. Its main functions are to filter your blood, create new blood cells and store platelets. It is also a key part of your body's immune system.

Where is the spleen found?
The spleen is found on the left side of your body, behind the stomach on a level with the 9th to 11th ribs. It is similar in structure to a lymph node, and is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. The spleen containstwo main types of tissue - white pulp and red pulp. White pulp is lymphatic tissue (material which is part of the immune system) mainly made up of white blood cells. Red pulp is made up of venous sinuses (bloodfilled cavities) and splenic cords. Splenic cords are special tissues which contain different types of red and
white blood cells.

What does the spleen do?
Blood flows into the spleen where it enters the white pulp. Here, white blood cells called B and T cells screen the blood flowing through. T cells help to recognise invading pathogens (germs - for example, bacteria and viruses) that might cause illness and then attack them. B cells make antibodies that help to stop infections from taking hold.
Blood also enters red pulp. Red pulp has three main functions:
It removes old and damaged red blood cells. Red blood cells have a lifespan of about 120 days. After this time they stop carrying oxygen effectively. Special cells called macrophages break down these old red blood cells. Haemoglobin (a chemical which carries oxygen) found within the cells is also broken down and then recycled.
Red pulp also stores up to one third of the body's supply of platelets. Platelets are fragments of cells circulating in the bloodstream that help to stop bleeding when we cut ourselves. These extra stored platelets can be released from the spleen if severe bleeding occurs. While the spleen performs a number of important functions, it is not essential to life. Other organs such as the liver and bone marrow are able to take over many of its jobs. Your spleen may be removed (splenectomy) for various reasons - for example, because of an illness that affects the spleen, or if it is damaged by an injury. Also, the spleen may not work well in some diseases - for example, sickle cell disease, thalassaemia, and lymphomas.
However, people who have had their spleen removed are more likely to get infections and may be put on long-term antibiotics to prevent this.


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